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San Millán Yuso and Suso Monasteries are two early Castilian monasteries that are recognized as a World Heritage Site. They are located in the Province of San Millán de la Congolla, in the autonomous community of La Rioja, Spain.
Monasterio de Suso, San Millán de la Cogolla
Author: Cenobio (Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported)
San Millán de la Congolla is a small town in La Rioja, Spain. It was named after Saint Emilianus, or San Millán, a 6th-century saint who lived there. The Spanish language is believed to have originated here, although the Basque language may pre-date Spanish in the area. Within San Millán de la Congolla are the two famous monasteries, Yuso and Suso.
Yuso and Suso means "upper" and "lower" respectively, in the archaic Castilian. Suso is the older monastery. It was built on the site of the hermitage where San Millán once lived.
Monasterio de Yuso in the valley of San Millán de la Cogolla
Author: Cenobio (Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported)
Suso Monastery is also chronicled at the earliest known location for phrases in the Spanish and Basque languages to be first written down. The words appeared in a form of glossary with text in Latin, and is known as the Glosas Emilianenses. There is some debate however over whether those Spanish words were in fact written in an early form of Castilian or perhaps a related dialect. In any case, it is widely acknowledged and accepted as the earliest documentation of Spanish.
As the monks at Suso Monastery lived as hermits, Yuso Monastery was established on a lower, more accessible site. It developed into a Benedictine community. The difference between the two shows the change in character, from an eremetic community to a cenobitic one.
World Heritage Site Inscription Details
San Millán Yuso and Suso Monasteries was inscribed as a World Heritage Site during the 21st session of the World Heritage Committee in Naples, Italy, on 1 - 6 December, 1997.Location: N42 19 33.096 W2 51 53.856 in San Millán de la Cogolla, Province and Autonomous Community of La Rioja.
Inscription Year: 1997
Type: Cultural
Inscription Criteria: II, IV, VI
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