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Tyre is a city in southern Lebanon with ancient sites that have been recognized as a World Heritage Site. The modern city of Tyre has a population of around 120,000. It is located on the coast facing the Mediterranean Sea, some 80 km (50 mi) to the south of Beirut.
Ruins in the Al Mina Excavation Area in Tyre
Author: Heretiq (Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 2.5 Generic)
The ancient city of Tyre has a history going back to 2,750 BC. It was already in a state of ruins by 1,300 BC. Originally, the city comprises two distinct parts. Tyre proper was on an island just off shore, while the settlement of Ushu was located on the mainland. Alexander the Great had a bridge constructed to link the two parts of Tyre.
The island city of Tyre was heavily fortified. It had a defensive wall that was 46 m (150 ft) high surrounding it. The island city prospered from its position as a harbor city. The city also produced purple dye, a highly sought-after commodity during ancient times.
Ruins in the Al Mina Excavation Area in Tyre
Author: Heretiq (Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 2.5 Generic)
The city of Tyre was mentioned in the book of Ezekiel in the Bible. The prophet Ezekial described the city being attacked by Nebuchadnezzar under God's order, because of its continued wickedness. The people of Tyre managed to hold off Nebuchadnezzar's siege for thirteen years.
Nebuchadnezzar was not the only conqueror to attack Tyre. The Egyptians also attacked it, as did the King of Cyprus in 370s BC, and Alexander the Great, in 332 BC. It was captured by the Crusaders in 1124, and made one of the most important cities in the Crusaders' Kingdom of Jerusalem.
Tyre was inscribed as a World Heritage Site during the 8th session of the World Heritage Committee in Buenos Aires, Argentina, 29 October - 2 November, 1984.
World Heritage Site Inscription Details
Location: N33 16 18.984 E35 11 39.984Inscription Year: 1984
Type of Site: Cultural
Inscription Criteria: III, VI
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